工作倫理與職業道德01 工作倫理與職業道德（1／4） English / 中文

下列何者「違反」個人資料保護法？

Which of the following violates the Personal Data Protection Act?

1. ① 公司基於人事管理之特定目的，張貼榮譽榜揭示績優員工姓名 a company posts an honor roll revealing the names of outstanding employees based on the specific purpose of personnel management
2. ② 縣市政府提供村里長轄區內符合資格之老人名冊供發放敬老金 a county or city government provides the list of qualified elderly residents in a district to the village chief for distributing senior allowances
3. ③ 網路購物公司為辦理退貨，將客戶之住家地址提供予宅配公司 an online shopping company provides a customer's home address to a delivery company for handling returns
4. ④ 學校將應屆畢業生之住家地址提供補習班招生使用 a school provides the home addresses of graduating students to a cram school for recruitment purposes

非公務機關利用個人資料進行行銷時，下列敘述何者錯誤？

Which of the following statements is incorrect when a non-public agency uses personal data for marketing purposes?

1. ① 若已取得當事人書面同意，當事人即不得拒絕利用其個人資料行銷 if written consent has been obtained from the individual, they cannot refuse the use of their personal data for marketing
2. ② 於首次行銷時，應提供當事人表示拒絕行銷之方式 when marketing for the first time, the individual should be provided with a way to refuse further marketing
3. ③ 當事人表示拒絕接受行銷時，應停止利用其個人資料 if an individual expresses refusal to accept marketing, their personal data should no longer be used
4. ④ 倘非公務機關違反「應即停止利用其個人資料行銷」之義務，未於限期內改正者，按次處新臺幣 2 萬元以上 20 萬元以下罰鍰 if a non-public agency violates the obligation to "immediately stop using personal data for marketing" and fails to correct the issue within the specified period, a fine of between NT$20,000 and NT$200,000 may be imposed for each offense

個人資料保護法規定為保護當事人權益，幾人以上的當事人提出告訴，就可以進行團體訴訟？

How many people are required to file a lawsuit for a class action to protect the rights of the data subjects according to the Personal Data Protection Act?

1. ① 5 人 5 people
2. ② 10 人 10 people
3. ③ 15 人 15 people
4. ④ 20 人 20 people

關於個人資料保護法的敘述，下列何者錯誤？

Which of the following statements about the Personal Data Protection Act is incorrect?

1. ① 公務機關執行法定職務必要範圍內，可以蒐集、處理或利用一般性個人資料 public agencies may collect, process, or use general personal data within the scope necessary for performing statutory duties
2. ② 間接蒐集之個人資料，於處理或利用前，不必告知當事人個人資料來源 personal data collected indirectly does not require notifying the data subject of the data source before processing or using it
3. ③ 非公務機關亦應維護個人資料之正確，並主動或依當事人之請求更正或補充 non-public agencies must also maintain the accuracy of personal data and actively correct or supplement it upon the individual's request
4. ④ 外國學生在臺灣短期進修或留學，也受到我國個人資料保護法的保障 foreign students studying or undergoing short-term training in Taiwan are also protected by Taiwan's Personal Data Protection Act

關於個人資料保護法的敘述，下列何者錯誤？

Which of the following statements about the Personal Data Protection Act is incorrect?

1. ① 不管是否使用電腦處理的個人資料，都受個人資料保護法保護 personal data is protected under the Personal Data Protection Act regardless of whether it is processed using a computer
2. ② 公務機關依法執行公權力，不受個人資料保護法規範 public agencies executing their authority according to the law are not regulated by the Personal Data Protection Act
3. ③ 身分證字號、婚姻、指紋都是個人資料 identification numbers, marital status, and fingerprints are all considered personal data
4. ④ 我的病歷資料雖然是由醫生所撰寫，但也屬於是我的個人資料範圍 although my medical records are written by a doctor, they are also considered my personal data

對於依照個人資料保護法應告知之事項，下列何者不在法定應告知的事項內？

Which of the following is not part of the legally required information to be disclosed regarding the information that should be disclosed under the Personal Data Protection Act?

1. ① 個人資料利用之期間、地區、對象及方式 the period, region, recipients, and methods of personal data usage
2. ② 蒐集之目的 the purpose of data collection
3. ③ 蒐集機關的負責人姓名 the name of the person in charge of the data collecting institution
4. ④ 如拒絕提供或提供不正確個人資料將造成之影響 the impact of refusing to provide or providing incorrect personal data

請問下列何者非為個人資料保護法第 3 條所規範之當事人權利？

Which of the following is not a right regulated by Article 3 of the Personal Data Protection Act for individuals?

1. ① 查詢或請求閱覽 request to inquire or view data
2. ② 請求刪除他人之資料 request to delete another person's data
3. ③ 請求補充或更正 request to supplement or correct data
4. ④ 請求停止蒐集、處理或利用 request to stop the collection, processing, or use of data

下列何者非安全使用電腦內的個人資料檔案的做法？

Which of the following is not a practice for securely using personal data files on computers?

1. ① 利用帳號與密碼登入機制來管理可以存取個資者的人 using an account and password login mechanism to manage those who can access personal data
2. ② 規範不同人員可讀取的個人資料檔案範圍 regulating the range of personal data files that different personnel can read
3. ③ 個人資料檔案使用完畢後立即退出應用程式，不得留置於電腦中 exiting the application immediately after using personal data files, ensuring they are not left on the computer
4. ④ 為確保重要的個人資料可即時取得，將登入密碼標示在螢幕下方 to ensure immediate access to important personal data, writing down the login password under the monitor

下列何者行為非屬個人資料保護法所稱之國際傳輸？

Which of the following actions does not constitute international transmission as defined by the Personal Data Protection Act?

1. ① 將個人資料傳送給地方政府 transmitting personal data to a local government
2. ② 將個人資料傳送給美國的分公司 transmitting personal data to a subsidiary in the United States
3. ③ 將個人資料傳送給法國的人事部門 transmitting personal data to a personnel department in France
4. ④ 將個人資料傳送給日本的委託公司 transmitting personal data to a commissioned company in Japan

有關智慧財產權行為之敘述，下列何者有誤？

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding intellectual property rights?

1. ① 製造、販售仿冒註冊商標的商品雖已侵害商標權，但不屬於公訴罪之範疇 manufacturing and selling counterfeit products with a registered trademark, while infringing trademark rights, does not fall under the scope of a public prosecution offense
2. ② 以 101 大樓、美麗華百貨公司做為拍攝電影的背景，屬於合理使用的範圍 using Taipei 101 or Miramar Entertainment Park as a background for filming a movie is considered fair use
3. ③ 原作者自行創作某音樂作品後，即可宣稱擁有該作品之著作權 after an original author independently creates a musical work, they may claim copyright ownership of that work
4. ④ 著作權是為促進文化發展為目的，所保護的財產權之一 copyright is one of the property rights protected with the purpose of promoting cultural development

專利權又可區分為發明、新型與設計三種專利權，其中發明專利權是否有保護期限？期限為何？

The patent right can be classified into three types: invention, utility model, and design. Does the invention patent right have a protection period, and what is the period?

1. ① 有，5 年 Yes, 5 years
2. ② 有，20 年 Yes, 20 years
3. ③ 有，50 年 Yes, 50 years
4. ④ 無期限，只要申請後就永久歸申請人所有 no time limit; once applied, it permanently belongs to the applicant

受僱人於職務上所完成之著作，如果沒有特別以契約約定，其著作人為下列何者？

Who is considered the author of the work if an employee completes a work during employment and there is no specific contractual agreement?

1. ① 雇用人 the employer
2. ② 受僱人 the employee
3. ③ 雇用公司或機關法人代表 the employer company or the legal representative of the organization
4. ④ 由雇用人指定之自然人或法人 a natural person or legal entity designated by the employer

任職於某公司的程式設計工程師，因職務所編寫之電腦程式，如果沒有特別以契約約定，則該電腦程式之著作財產權歸屬下列何者？

A software engineer working for a company writes a computer program as part of their duties. Who owns the copyright of the computer program if there is no special contractual agreement?

1. ① 公司 the company
2. ② 編寫程式之工程師 the software engineer who wrote the program
3. ③ 公司全體股東共有 all shareholders of the company jointly
4. ④ 公司與編寫程式之工程師共有 the company and the software engineer jointly

某公司員工因執行業務，擅自以重製之方法侵害他人之著作財產權，若被害人提起告訴，下列對於處罰對象的敘述，何者正確？

If a company's employee, while performing their duties, infringes another's copyright property by unauthorized reproduction. Which of the following is the correct description of who will be punished if the victim files a lawsuit?

1. ① 僅處罰侵犯他人著作財產權之員工 only the employee who infringed the copyright property is punished
2. ② 僅處罰雇用該名員工的公司 only the company employing the employee is punished
3. ③ 該名員工及其雇主皆須受罰 both the employee and their employer are subject to punishment
4. ④ 員工只要在從事侵犯他人著作財產權之行為前請示雇主並獲同意，便可以不受處罰 the employee is exempt from punishment if they sought and received approval from their employer before infringing the copyright property

受僱人於職務上所完成之發明、新型或設計，其專利申請權及專利權如未特別約定屬於下列何者？

Who owns the patent application rights and patent rights if not specifically agreed otherwise if an employee completes an invention, utility model, or design during employment?

1. ① 雇用人 the employer
2. ② 受僱人 the employee
3. ③ 雇用人所指定之自然人或法人 a natural person or legal entity designated by the employer
4. ④ 雇用人與受僱人共有 the employer and the employee jointly

任職大發公司的郝聰明，專門從事技術研發，有關研發技術的專利申請權及專利權歸屬，下列敘述何者錯誤？

Hao Congming, an employee of Dafa Company, specializes in technical research and development. Which of the following statements about the ownership of patent application rights and patent rights regarding his research and development is incorrect?

1. ① 職務上所完成的發明，除契約另有約定外，專利申請權及專利權屬於大發公司 inventions completed in the course of employment, unless otherwise stipulated by contract, have their patent application rights and patent ownership belong to Dafa Company
2. ② 職務上所完成的發明，雖然專利申請權及專利權屬於大發公司，但是郝聰明享有姓名表示權 although patent application rights and patent rights for inventions completed in the course of employment belong to Dafa Company, Hao Congming enjoys the right to be named as the inventor
3. ③ 郝聰明完成非職務上的發明，應即以書面通知大發公司 Hao Congming should notify the company in writing if he completes a non-work-related invention
4. ④ 大發公司與郝聰明之雇傭契約約定，郝聰明非職務上的發明，全部屬於公司，約定有效 the employment contract between Dafa Company and Hao Congming stipulates that all inventions unrelated to employment belong to the company, and this agreement is valid

有關著作權的敘述，下列何者錯誤？

Which of the following statements regarding copyright is incorrect?

1. ① 我們到表演場所觀看表演時，不可隨便錄音或錄影 when attending a performance at a venue, recording audio or video without permission is not allowed
2. ② 到攝影展上，拿相機拍攝展示的作品，分贈給朋友，是侵害著作權的行為 taking photos of displayed works at a photography exhibition and sharing them with friends is an act of copyright infringement
3. ③ 網路上供人下載的免費軟體，都不受著作權法保護，所以我可以燒成大補帖光碟，再去賣給別人 free software available for download on the internet is not protected by copyright law, so I can burn it onto a compilation disc and sell it to others
4. ④ 高普考試題，不受著作權法保護 civil service examination questions are not protected by copyright law

有關著作權的敘述，下列何者錯誤？

Which of the following statements regarding copyright is incorrect?

1. ① 撰寫碩博士論文時，在合理範圍內引用他人的著作，只要註明出處，不會構成侵害著作權 when writing a master's or doctoral thesis, quoting another person's work within a reasonable scope and properly citing the source does not constitute copyright infringement
2. ② 在網路散布盜版光碟，不管有沒有營利，會構成侵害著作權 distributing pirated CDs on the internet, whether for profit or not, constitutes copyright infringement
3. ③ 在網路的部落格看到一篇文章很棒，只要註明出處，就可以把文章複製在自己的部落格 if I see a great article on a blog, I can copy it to my own blog as long as I cite the source
4. ④ 將補習班老師的上課內容錄音檔，放到網路上拍賣，會構成侵害著作權 uploading a recording of a cram school teacher's lecture to the internet for sale constitutes copyright infringement

有關商標權的敘述，下列何者錯誤？

Which of the following statements regarding trademark rights is incorrect?

1. ① 要取得商標權一定要申請商標註冊 one must apply for trademark registration to obtain trademark rights
2. ② 商標註冊後可取得 10 年商標權 after registering a trademark, you acquire trademark rights for 10 years
3. ③ 商標註冊後，3 年不使用，會被廢止商標權 if a registered trademark is not used for three years, the trademark rights may be revoked
4. ④ 在夜市買的仿冒品，品質不好，上網拍賣，不會構成侵權 selling counterfeit goods bought at a night market, even if of poor quality, does not constitute infringement if sold online

有關營業秘密的敘述，下列何者錯誤？

Which of the following statements regarding trade secrets is incorrect?

1. ① 受雇人於非職務上研究或開發之營業秘密，仍歸雇用人所有 trade secrets developed by an employee outside of their job duties still belong to the employer
2. ② 營業秘密不得為質權及強制執行之標的 trade secrets cannot be the subject of a pledge or compulsory execution
3. ③ 營業秘密所有人得授權他人使用其營業秘密 the owner of a trade secret can authorize others to use the trade secret
4. ④ 營業秘密得全部或部分讓與他人或與他人共有 trade secrets can be transferred in whole or in part or shared with others

甲公司將其新開發受營業秘密法保護之技術，授權乙公司使用，下列何者錯誤？

Company A has authorized Company B to use its newly developed technology protected by trade secret law. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

1. ① 乙公司已獲授權，所以可以未經甲公司同意，再授權丙公司使用 since Company B has been authorized, it can sublicense the technology to Company C without Company A's consent
2. ② 約定授權使用限於一定之地域、時間 the license agreement may restrict the use to a specific region and time period
3. ③ 約定授權使用限於特定之內容、一定之使用方法 the license agreement may restrict the use to specific content and methods of use
4. ④ 要求被授權人乙公司在一定期間負有保密義務 company B, the licensee, must maintain confidentiality for a specified period

甲公司嚴格保密之最新配方產品大賣，下列何者侵害甲公司之營業秘密？

Company A has its latest formula product selling very well under strict confidentiality. Which of the following would infringe on Company A's trade secrets?

1. ① 鑑定人 A 因司法審理而知悉配方 appraiser A became aware of the formula due to judicial proceedings
2. ② 甲公司授權乙公司使用其配方 company A authorized company B to use its formula
3. ③ 甲公司之 B 員工擅自將配方盜賣給乙公司 employee B of company A unlawfully sold the formula to company B without authorization
4. ④ 甲公司與乙公司協議共有配方 company A and company B agree to jointly own the formula

故意侵害他人之營業秘密，法院因被害人之請求，最高得酌定損害額幾倍之賠償？

What is the maximum multiple the court may award in compensation at the request of the victim if someone intentionally infringes on another's trade secret?

1. ① 1 倍 1 time
2. ② 2 倍 2 times
3. ③ 3 倍 3 times
4. ④ 4 倍 4 times

受雇者因承辦業務而知悉營業秘密，在離職後對於該營業秘密的處理方式，下列敘述何者正確？

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the handling of trade secrets that an employee becomes aware of due to their job responsibilities after resignation?

1. ① 聘雇關係解除後便不再負有保障營業秘密之責 the obligation to protect trade secrets ceases after the termination of the employment relationship
2. ② 僅能自用而不得販售獲取利益 they may use the trade secret for personal use but not sell it for profit
3. ③ 自離職日起 3 年後便不再負有保障營業秘密之責 they are not obligated to protect the trade secret 3 years after resignation
4. ④ 離職後仍不得洩漏該營業秘密 they must not disclose the trade secret after resignation

按照現行法律規定，侵害他人營業秘密，其法律責任為

What are the legal liabilities for infringing another person's trade secret according to current law?

1. ① 僅需負刑事責任 only criminal liability
2. ② 僅需負民事損害賠償責任 only civil liability for damages
3. ③ 刑事責任與民事損害賠償責任皆須負擔 both criminal and civil liabilities for damages
4. ④ 刑事責任與民事損害賠償責任皆不須負擔 neither criminal nor civil liabilities for damages

企業內部之營業秘密，可以概分為「商業性營業秘密」及「技術性營業秘密」二大類型，請問下列何者屬於「技術性營業秘密」？

Within a company, trade secrets can be classified into "commercial trade secrets" and "technical trade secrets." Which of the following is an example of a "technical trade secret"?

1. ① 人事管理 personnel management
2. ② 經銷據點 distribution locations
3. ③ 產品配方 product formulas
4. ④ 客戶名單 customer lists

某離職同事請求在職員工將離職前所製作之某份文件傳送給他，請問下列回應方式何者正確？

A former colleague requests an current employee to send him a document they created before leaving. What is the correct response?

1. ① 由於該項文件係由該離職員工製作，因此可以傳送文件 since the document was created by the former employee, it can be sent
2. ② 若其目的僅為保留檔案備份，便可以傳送文件 if the purpose is only to keep a backup, the document can be sent
3. ③ 可能構成對於營業秘密之侵害，應予拒絕並請他直接向公司提出請求 it may constitute an infringement of trade secrets; refuse and ask them to request it directly from the company
4. ④ 視彼此交情決定是否傳送文件 decide whether to send the document based on personal relationships

行為人以竊取等不正當方法取得營業秘密，下列敘述何者正確？

Which of the following statements is correct if a person unlawfully obtains trade secrets through theft or other improper means?

1. ① 已構成犯罪 it constitutes a crime
2. ② 只要後續沒有洩漏便不構成犯罪 as long as there is no subsequent disclosure, it does not constitute a crime
3. ③ 只要後續沒有出現使用之行為便不構成犯罪 if there is no subsequent use of the information, it does not constitute a crime
4. ④ 只要後續沒有造成所有人之損害便不構成犯罪 as long as no damage is caused to the owner, it does not constitute a crime

針對在我國境內竊取營業秘密後，意圖在外國、中國大陸或港澳地區使用者，營業秘密法是否可以適用？

If a trade secret is stolen within Taiwan with the intention of being used in a foreign country, Mainland China, or Hong Kong/Macau. Is the Trade Secrets Act applicable?

1. ① 無法適用 it is not applicable
2. ② 可以適用，但若屬未遂犯則不罰 it is applicable, but attempted offenses are not punishable
3. ③ 可以適用並加重其刑 it is applicable, and penalties are increased.
4. ④ 能否適用需視該國家或地區與我國是否簽訂相互保護營業秘密之條約或協定 applicability depends on whether there is a treaty or agreement for mutual protection of trade secrets between Taiwan and the other country or region

所謂營業秘密，係指方法、技術、製程、配方、程式、設計或其他可用於生產、銷售或經營之資訊，但其保障所需符合的要件不包括下列何者？

Trade secrets refer to methods, technologies, processes, formulas, programs, designs, or other information used in production, sales, or operations. Which of the following is not a required condition for protection?

1. ① 因其秘密性而具有實際之經濟價值者 it has actual economic value due to its confidentiality
2. ② 所有人已採取合理之保密措施者 the owner has taken reasonable confidentiality measures
3. ③ 因其秘密性而具有潛在之經濟價值者 it has potential economic value due to its confidentiality
4. ④ 一般涉及該類資訊之人所知者 it is known to those typically involved with such information